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  General
preventive measures
- Health
education, training programmes for the personnel at risk.
- Scrupulous
compliance with the "universal precautions" to be followed
at all times with all patients, regardless of their pathology and
certainty of diagnosis.
- Employment
of appropriate personal protective devices (gloves, mask, white
coats).
- Abolition
of the manoeuvre of needles' covering.
- Collection
of sharp materials, syringes and needles in appropriate containers
before disposal.
Specific preventive interventions
- Passive
immunization with specific antihepatitis B immunglobulin (human IgG
rich in HBsAb) may be given to non-immune contacts after high-risk
exposure.
- Vaccination:
an effective vaccine is available against hepatitis B and it grants
95% protection to non-immune subjects. It consists of three doses
(at time 0, 1 month and 6 months) with deltoid injection. Contraindication
is represented by any severe febrile infection at the time of
vaccination. The most common side effects are represented by pain
and erythema at the point of inoculation.
In the case of an accident at work the vaccination plan involves
four doses at time 0, 1 month, 2 months and 12 months and it seems more
immunogenic. The first dose must be given within 96 hours of the
accident. In the case of non-immune workers, the specific IgG must be
given within 48 hours of the exposure.
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